HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF FULLY DEVELOPED TURBULENT NON-NEWTONIAN NANO AND HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE UNDER CONSTANT HEAT FLUX

TITLE: HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF FULLY DEVELOPED TURBULENT NON-NEWTONIAN NANO AND HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE UNDER CONSTANT HEAT FLUX
AUTHOR(S): D. Ozgur
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the thermal and flow characteristics of fully developed turbulent non-Newtonian (power-law type) nano and hybrid nanofluids flowing through a horizontal pipe under constant heat flux. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution is used as the base fluid, while Al₂O₃, CuO and hybrid (Al₂O₃+CuO) nanoparticles are employed as additives. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized and solved under steady-state and axisymmetric assumptions. Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance ratio (TPR) are analyzed. Results show that hybrid nanofluids provide approximately %15–20 higher heat transfer enhancement compared to mono nanofluids, while the increase in friction factor remains moderate. The optimum particle volume fraction is found to be around φ≈%2.5. This study demonstrates that hybrid nanofluids in non-Newtonian matrices are efficient alternatives for improving convective heat transfer in turbulent flow systems.
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DOWNLOAD: Vol72-2026.pdf
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: D. Ozgur, HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF FULLY DEVELOPED TURBULENT NON-NEWTONIAN NANO AND HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE UNDER CONSTANT HEAT FLUX. Journal of the Technical University of Gabrovo. 72 (2026).