- TITLE:
NANOTUBULAR OXIDE FORMATION ON BIOMEDICAL TITANIUM ALLOYS
- AUTHOR(S):
D. Veselinov, R. Yankova, V. Koeva.
- ABSTRACT:
Titanium and its alloys, particularly commercially pure titanium (cpTi, Grade 2) and Ti-6Al-4V Extra Low Interstitial (ELI), are widely used in biomedical implants due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Surface modifications such as nanotubular oxide formation can further enhance their biological performance by improving osseointegration, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties. In this study, cpTi and Ti-6Al-4V ELI were anodized to form nanotubular titanium oxide layers. The anodization process was carried out in an ethylene glycol-based electrolyte containing ammonium fluoride, with an applied potential of 80 V for 30 minutes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the resulting oxide layers. SEM analysis revealed well-organized nanotubular structures on both alloys, with an average inner diameter of approximately 90 nm and nanotube lengths of about 1.1 microns. However, the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy exhibited voids in the nanotubular layer, corresponding to regions of the beta phase. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as the primary component of the oxide layer, with the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy also showing traces of aluminum, vanadium, and fluorine incorporated during the anodization process. These results demonstrate that both cpTi and Ti-6Al-4V ELI can form nanotubular oxide layers with distinct morphological and compositional features. The differences in nanotube density and the presence of alloying elements in Ti-6Al-4V ELI suggest potential influences on the mechanical and biological properties of the anodized surfaces, making them suitable for tailored biomedical applications.
- DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62853/WLGW1695
- PAGES:
41-44
- DOWNLOAD:
NANOTUBULAR OXIDE FORMATION ON BIOMEDICAL TITANIUM ALLOYS
- HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:
Veselinov D., R. Yankova, V. Koeva. Nanotubular oxide formation on biomedical titanium alloys. JTUG 69 (2024) 41-44
- TITLE:
AN APPROACH FOR THICKNESS ESTIMATION OF ANODIZED TITANIUM OXIDE USING DIGITAL CAMERA
- AUTHOR(S):
D. Veselinov, R. Yankova, H. Skulev, I. Rusev
- ABSTRACT:
This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the thickness of anodized titanium oxide layers using digital imaging and thin film interference principles. Traditional methods for thin film thickness measurement, such as ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity, offer high precision but can be costly and complex. In contrast, the proposed technique leverages the correlation between oxide layer thickness and the interference colors observed in anodized titanium surfaces. Using a digital camera, images of the anodized samples are captured under controlled lighting conditions, followed by color calibration and analysis. Specialized software then interprets the interference patterns to estimate oxide thickness. This method provides a non-destructive, cost-effective, and accessible alternative for thickness measurement, with potential applications in quality control and material characterization across industries such as aerospace and biomedical devices.
- DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62853/ZEUB6253
- PAGES:
37-40
- DOWNLOAD:
AN APPROACH FOR THICKNESS ESTIMATION OF ANODIZED TITANIUM OXIDE USING DIGITAL CAMERA
- HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:
Veselinov D., R. Yankova, H. Skulev, I. Rusev. An approach for thickness estimation of anodized titanium oxide using digital camera. 69 (2024) 37-40.
- TITLE:
DESIGN AND STATIC ANALYSIS OF PRISMATIC PRESSURE VESSELS ACCORDING TO TS 13445-3 STANDARD
- AUTHOR(S):
M. D. Dogan, O. Çalpan, M. T. Altinbalik
- ABSTRACT:
The focus of the presented work is on the design and analysis of prismatic pressure vessels. Engineering calculations, design parameters and performance criteria of pressure vessels are available in the literature in detail, but there are deficiencies in the evaluation of the manufacturing processes of prismatic pressure vessels and the mathematical formulae required by these processes in the light of standards. In this context, it was investigated how a special prismatic pressure vessel, a square profile hyperbaric oxygen chamber, could be optimised in terms of structural strength, stress distribution and safety requirements. The material selection and design of such a chamber has been evaluated using DBA and DBF methods. The performance of the prismatic hyperbaric oxygen chamber in current applications is explained, supported by various engineering analyses and simulations. It was observed that the cabin designed in accordance with TS 13445-3 standards is 2 times safe under operating conditions and the amount of displacement is commercially acceptable. It is shown with SolidWorks analysis.
- DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62853/AJIO3673
- PAGES:
32-36
- DOWNLOAD:
DESIGN AND STATIC ANALYSIS OF PRISMATIC PRESSURE VESSELS ACCORDING TO TS 13445-3 STANDARD
- HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:
Dogan M. D., O. Çalpan, M. T. Altinbalik. Design and static analysis of prismatic pressure vessels according to TS 13445-3 standard. JTUG. 69 (2024) 32-36
- TITLE:
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING DIAMONDS INTO DIAMONDS
- AUTHOR(S):
Y. Kuznetsov
- ABSTRACT:
A list of operations and equipment used for processing natural diamond crystals into polished diamonds is provided. The main attention is paid to the automation of processing processes (sawing, peeling, cutting) and the creation of modern machine tools.
- DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62853/DIPX5483
- PAGES:
3-5
- DOWNLOAD:
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING DIAMONDS INTO DIAMONDS
- HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:
Kuznetsov Y. MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING DIAMONDS INTO DIAMONDS. Journal of Technical University Gabrovo. 69 (2024)
- TITLE:
DESIGN OF A CABLE PACKAGING SYSTEM CAPABLE OF SECURING CABLE ENDS WITHOUT THE USE OF AUXILIARY MATERIALS
- AUTHOR(S):
B. Avci, Ö. B. Varal, F. Dalmis, S. O. Yilmaz, I. S. Dalmis
- ABSTRACT:
Cable packaging machines are devices that automatically wrap long and thin materials, such as wires, cables, and pipes, into organized packages. These machines play a crucial role in cable production by saving time and labor during the manufacturing process. While there are various types and features of cable packaging machines, their common objective is to ensure that materials are wrapped to the correct size, tightly packed, and easily transported. In this study, the performance of a newly designed and manufactured machine was evaluated. This machine is capable of packaging cables in coil form without the use of auxiliary materials such as twine, stretch film, or straps. The system is composed of seven main sections: the flayer, tension control unit, traverse unit, cable winding heads, clamp group, shrink unit, and the main control panel. A noteworthy feature of the machine is that the cable winding heads can rotate 180°, and the elimination of auxiliary materials in the packaging process reduces costs and minimizes the time lost during cable winding. Experimental results show that the machine is capable of wrapping 12 coils per minute for short-length cables (5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 25 m) and 8 coils per minute for long-length cables (50 m, 100 m).
- DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62853/YRIW5862
- PAGES:
26-31
- DOWNLOAD:
DESIGN OF A CABLE PACKAGING SYSTEM CAPABLE OF SECURING CABLE ENDS WITHOUT THE USE OF AUXILIARY MATERIALS
- HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:
Avci B., Ö. B. Varal, F. Dalmis, S. O. Yilmaz, I. S. Dalmis. Design of a cable packaging system capable of securing cable ends without the use of auxiliary materials. JTUG 69 (2024) 26-31
